sound and audio engineering and its career prospects

Audio engineering is a part of audio science dealing with the recording and reproduction of sound through mechanical and electronic means. The field of audio engineering draws on many disciplines, including acoustics, psychoacoustics, and music.

Unlike acoustical engineering, audio engineering generally does not deal with noise control or acoustical design. However it should be noted than an audio engineer is often more affiliated with technician work rather than as engineering, due to the lack of mathematics and science involved in mastering this field. Audio engineering is different from Acoustical Engineering, which heavily relies on the underlying physics and mathematics of sound waves and their propagation.

An audio engineer is someone with experience and training in the production and manipulation of sound through mechanical or digital means (Analog and Digital). As a professional title, this person is sometimes designated as a sound engineer instead. An informal name might be a “sound guy” and/or an “audio guy”. A person with one of these titles is commonly listed in the credits of many commercial music recordings (also in other productions that include sound, such as movies).


Audio engineers are generally familiar with the design, installation, and/or operation of sound recording, sound reinforcement, or sound broadcasting equipment. In the recording studio environment, the audio engineer or recordist is a person recording, editing, manipulating, mixing and mastering sound by technical means in order to realize an artist’s or record producer’s creative vision. While usually being associated with music production, an audio engineer may be involved in dealing with sound for a wide range of applications, including post-production for video and film, live sound reinforcement, advertising, multimedia, broadcasting.

Audio engineers operate mixing consoles, microphones, signal processors, tape machines, digital audio workstations, sequencing software and speaker systems. Commonly an audio engineer is responsible for the technical aspects of a sound recording or other audio production and works together with a record producer or director, although the engineer’s role may also be integrated with that of the producer. In Chennai private institutes like SAE college offers courses in audio engineering.

American auto industry

The demise of the American auto industry won't really affect the American way of life.

What happens to the U.S. auto industry matters on Main Street.
From plants to parks. From dealerships to driveways. From gas stations to grocery stores.

What happens in the automotive industry affects each and every one of us. In fact, the collapse of the U.S.-based auto industry wouldn't just impact the nearly 355,000 Americans directly employed by the Big Three. One out of every 10 people in America is employed in a service that is related to the U.S. auto industry. If a plant closes, so does its suppliers, the local stores, the hot dog vendors, and the local restaurants.

The effect would be devastating in ways of which you never have thought:

Nearly 3 million jobs would be lost in the first year alone – with another 2.5 million to follow over the next two years
Personal income in the United States would drop by more than $150.7 billion in the first year.

The cost to local, state, and federal governments could reach $156.4 billion over three years in lost taxes, and unemployment and health care assistance.

Domestic automobile production would more than likely fall to zero – even by international producers, due to supplier bankruptcies

The credit crisis that is affecting us all is wounding the U.S. auto industry in many different ways. Carmakers can’t get loans to restructure and to produce new advanced technology vehicles. Suppliers and dealers can’t get loans for routine business, and customers can’t get loans for new cars.

DSC notification for recruitment of teachers in India

Applications are invited from the candidates for selection to the posts School Assistants, Language Pandits, Secondary Grade Teachers and Physical Education Teachers in Government, Zilla Parishad, Mandal Parishad Schools and the schools under the control of Project officer, I.T.D.As and Municipalities in the state unit wise.

Interested candidates are required to submit their applications in the prescribed form on any day from 15-12-2008 to 16–01-2009 to the District Educational Officer of the District concerned, where he/she would like to seek selection.

Candidates who desire to apply for more than one post based on their eligibility shall have to submit separate applications for each post.

For number of vacancies, qualification, applicaton form and other details visit :

www.aponline.gov.in/Apportal/DSC_2008_VACANCIES_AND_NOTIFICATION.pdf

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Evolution of great citizens is the mission of education’

Former President Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam shares his views about education and gives an example of a perfect school.

I consider that the school principals are the leaders who transform the children into enlightened citizens. I am happy that during the last five decades, ASISC has guided and assisted the members of schools in relation to ICSE Board examination and trained the principals and staff of affiliated schools in updating their knowledge in their own fields and to help discover the talents and foster them among the students.

Let us discuss on dynamic school. Look at the various dimensions and add or modify the dimensions based on your experience and requirement. Now, let me visualize a dynamic school system, how will it be?

Dynamic School* A school that radiates greatness by the teaching capacity of the teachers.

* A school is great because creativity is bubbling everywhere.

* A school is great, because it cherishes the learning environment with library, internet, e-learning and creative laboratories.*

A school is great, because it creates and generate students with confidence that “I can do it” that in-turn will generate the team spirit that “We will do it” and “India will do it”. * A school that promotes best in learning all-round to all the students.

* A school is great because it has teachers who lead a unique way of life with purity and become role models for the students and develop them as enlightened citizens. * A school is great because it has the capacity to teach all students to succeed.

* A school that generates creativity among all students irrespective of whether they belong to arts or science stream. * A school is great, that generates alumni who cherish that they belong to this school.

Teacher of teachersWhen I see the principals from different parts of the country, I look at you dear friends, as one integrated system of education, system of learning and system of knowledge. The seeds of peace in the world have their origin in the righteousness in the heart of every individual.

Such righteous citizens lead to the evolution of enlightened society. Education with value system has to be so designed that the righteousness in the heart is developed in young minds. That should be the mission of education.

The prime learning environment is five to seventeen years of age for over 25,000 hours. This reminds me of an ancient Greek teacher’s saying, “Give me a child for seven years; afterwards, let God or devil take the child.

They cannot change the child”. This indicates the power of great teachers and teacher of teachers. True education is the acquisition of enlightened feelings and enlightened powers to understand daily events and to understand the permanent truth by linking citizen, to his environment, human and planetary.

I would like to quote from the great philosopher Dr. S. Radhakrishnan particularly for the benefit of students and teachers - ‘The sense of human need is there and the teacher can satisfy it by giving to the youth an idea of the fundamental power and worth of man, his spiritual dignity as man, a supra-national culture and an all embracing humanity.’

Albert Einstein to his teacher: “The ideals which have lighted my way, time after time, have given new course to face life cheerfully have been kindness, beauty and truth”. This is the mission of teacher. For example, in the institution the teacher belongs, have created 100s and 1000s of alumni depending upon the school strength.


Teachers who love teaching:I just see a scene in a school having about 50 teachers and 750 students headed by a principal. It is simply a place of beauty for creativity and learning. How is it possible? It is because the school management and the principal selected the teachers who love teaching, who treat the students as their sons, grand sons or grand daughters.

The children see the teacher, as a role model in teaching and how always they look pious through their daily way of life. Above all I see an environment in which there is nothing like a good student, average student or poor student.

The whole school and teacher system is involved in generating students who perform the best. As an example, I recall my teacher Shri Sivasubramania Iyer who taught me, when I was ten year old boy, how the birds fly, in the class room and later by taking us to the sea shore to give practical example.

The way he taught, gave me what to dream in life and what should be the pattern of education which I have to follow.

Question and answers from a joyful person

‘Praying to Lord Shiva calms me’

Q How do you deal with stress?
I am a Shiva devotee. I believe in him so much that I pray to him twice everyday. Praying to him keeps me clam and stress free.

Q What stresses you out the most?
Mumbai traffic.

QDoes your job stress you out?
Not at all, I love my job; I opted for this profession by choice.


Q How do you manage to find a balance?
I completely love my job, so I do not have to balance anything; it’s something I do with complete ease. If I am working, I am enjoying myself and when I am not working, I am with friends and I am still enjoying.

QAre there times when you just need to get away from it all?
This situation has thankfully not come yet. I look forward to do more in life.

QDoes spending time with your family or friends help you relax?
Absolutely. They are my energisers.

QHave you tried any unique techniques to deal with stress?
I pray to Shiva during the times of stress and it helps me a lot.

QDo you think a pet plays a part in helping you relax?I am not much of a pet person, So I can’t tell you whether they helps in relaxation or not. I’ve never had one.

Jewellery export to plunge

The Gems and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJE-PC) has expressed concern that the growth rate of exports of gems and jewellery would drop to below three per cent in the current fiscal compared to 22.27 per cent in 2007-08.

While welcoming the measures taken by the government to provide two per cent interest rate subvention, the council has said that a further two per cent interest rate subvention is required and is expecting it in the next few days.

Mr Vasant Mehta, chairman of GJEPC, said: “In 2007-08, the gems and jewellery exports were at Rs 84,058 crore compared to Rs 77,100 crore in 2006-07. Till October this fiscal, the exports were about Rs 54,793 crore with a growth rate of 13.26 per cent compared to Rs 48,379 crore in the same period last fiscal. Due to the global slowdown the demand has been drastically reduced and has become difficult to remain in positive terrain.”

He said: “The gems and jewellery exports industry has also started facing the problem of late payment. The buyers are delaying the payments by 30 to 60 days above the credit period of 90 days creating a liquidity crunch in the industry.”

Mr Mehta said: “Jewellers in rural India are facing problem of lack of availability of gold as it is mandatory to purchase it from the agencies nominated by the government. These agencies are not in a position to provide adequate gold in rural India due to the lack of distribution linkages,” he said.

Chandrayan 1 is beginning of a new frontier

The successful launch of the India's maiden mission to moon Chandrayan 1 is "just the beginning" of the opening up of a new frontier of cooperation between the US and India on a wide range of sectors.

"It is an extraordinary moment in history. We have an India of 1.3 billion people looking to the heavens and now exploring the frontiers of Space,"

The liftoff of Chandrayan 1 was lustily cheered at the US Chamber of Commerce where the USIBC had organised a live broadcast of the historic occasion that saw the participation of officials from the White House, the State Department, the NASA and senior officials of the Indian Embassy.

The USIBC event also saw the participation of the Indian American community who were clearly thrilled. "It is a great day in our history.

I think it will beckon a whole new era in technological cooperation between our countries," Somers said. "In this Chandrayan 1 launch we have Raytheon Technology supported by NASA...

This is just the beginning of opening up a new frontier together and exploring the main technological cooperation across a range of sectors," he said. "American cooperation in India's first unmanned lunar mission Chandrayan 1 marks the beginning of a new era or trust and partnership between the two countries in the field of space science," said Ambassador Arun Kumar Singh, the new Deputy Chief of the Indian Mission in Washington DC.

"The inclusion of two US instruments on this spacecraft has provided further fillip to Indo-US cooperation in the space arena that dates back to the very beginning of the Indian space programme.

The very first sounding rocket, a Nike Apache was launched from Thumba on November 21,1963," Singh added.

Chandrayaan-1

Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft on Tuesday moved closer to the Moon with ISRO scientists carrying out orbit reduction manoeuvre at 18:30 hours for a duration of 31 seconds."The current orbit of Chandrayaan-1 is 255.3 km (the farthest distance from the moon) X 101.3 km (nearest distance to the moon).

The orbital period is 2.09 hours", ISRO spokesperson S Satish said. Further manoeuvres are planned in the coming days to bring the spacecraft to its final circular orbit of 100 kms above the moon's surface, Satish said.

THE BIG BANG

One of the most persistently asked questions has been: How was the universe created? Many once believed that the universe had no beginning or end and was truly infinite.

Through the inception of the Big Bang theory, however,no longer could the universe be considered infinite. The universe was forced to take on the properties of a finite phenomenon, possessing a history and a beginning.

About 15 billion years ago a tremendous explosion started the expansion of the universe. This explosion is known as the Big Bang. At the point of this event all of the matter and energy of space was contained at one point.

What exisisted prior to this event is completely unknown and is a matter of pure speculation. This occurance was not a conventional explosion but rather an event filling all of space with all of the particles of the embryonic universe rushing away from each other.

The Big Bang actually consisted of an explosion of space within itself unlike an explosion of a bomb were fragments are thrown outward. The galaxies were not all clumped together, but rather the Big Bang lay the foundations for the universe.
The origin of the Big Bang theory can be credited to Edwin Hubble.

Hubble made the observation that the universe is continuously expanding. He discovered that a galaxys velocity is proportional to its distance. Galaxies that are twice as far from us move twice as fast. Another consequence is that the universe is expanding in every direction.

This observation means that it has taken every galaxy the same amount of time to move from a common starting position to its current position. Just as the Big Bang provided for the foundation of the universe, Hubbles observations provided for the foundation of the Big Bang theory.

Since the Big Bang, the universe has been continuously expanding and, thus, there has been more and more distance between clusters of galaxies.

This phenomenon of galaxies moving farther away from each other is known as the red shift. As light from distant galaxies approach earth there is an increase of space between earth and the galaxy, which leads to wavelengths being stretched.

In addition to the understanding of the velocity of galaxies emanating from a single point, there is further evidence for the Big Bang. In 1964, two astronomers, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson, in an attempt to detect microwaves from outer space, inadvertently discovered a noise of extraterrestrial origin.

The noise did not seem to emanate from one location but instead, it came from all directions at once. It became obvious that what they heard was radiation from the farthest reaches of the universe which had been left over from the Big Bang.

This discovery of the radioactive aftermath of the initial explosion lent much credence to the Big Bang theory.

do you know this

We certainly know that our universe exists, however, this knowledge alone has not satisfied mankind's quest for further understanding.

Our curiosity has led us to question our place in this universe and furthermore, the place of the universe itself. Throughout time we have asked ourselves these questions: How did our universe begin?

How old is our universe? How did matter come to exist? Obviously, these are not simple questions and throughout our brief history on this planet much time and effort has been spent looking for some clue.

Yet, after all this energy has been expended, much of what we know is still only speculation.

We have, however, come a long way from the mystical beginnings of the study of cosmology and the origins of the universe.

Through the understandings of modern science we have been able to provide firm theories for some of the answers we once called hypotheses. True to the nature of science, a majority of these answers have only led to more intriguing and complex questions.

It seems to be inherent in our search for knowledge that questions will always continue to exist.

Although in this short chapter it will be impossible to tackle all of the questions concerning the creation of everything we know as reality, an attempt will be made to address certain fundamental questions of our being.

It will be important to keep in mind that all of this information is constantly being questioned and reevaluated in order to understand the universe more clearly.

For our purposes, through an examination of what is known about the Big Bang itself, the age of the universe, and the synthesis of the first atoms, we believe that we can begin to answer several of these key questions.